Shastine's Timeline
Trigger Words (Matt)
Casablanca: Conference held in French Morocco after the North Africa second front. The objective of this meeting between Roosevelt and Churchill was to invade Sicily to secure Italy and insisted upon an "unconditional surrender.
Cash and Carry: Policy adopted by the United States in 1939 to preserve neutrality while aiding the Allies. Britain and France could buy goods from the U.S. if they paid in full and transported them.
Court Packing Scheme: Roosevelt's proposal in 1937 to "reform" the Supreme Court by appointing an additional justice for every justice over age of 70; following the Court's actions in striking down major New Deal laws, FDR came to believe that some justices were out of touch with the nation's needs. Congress believed Roosevelt's proposal endangered the Court's independence and said no.
Executive Order 9066: Authorized the Secretary of War and the U.S. Armed Forces to declare military areas from which any or all persons may be excluded. Did not specify nationality or ethnic group but led to the relocation of Japanese Americans to internment camps.
Huey Long: Nickname "Kingfish"; Senator of Louisiana. He pushed his "Share Our Wealth" program, which would make "Every Man a King". Long planned to run against FDR in the 1936 elections, but he was assassinated.
Kellogg-Briand Pact: The 1928 treaty that outlawed war as an instrument of national policy.
Korematsu vs. U.S.: Supreme court ruled that an entire race could be labeled a "suspect classification," meaning the gov. was permitted to deny the Japanese their constitutional rights because of military consideration.
Lend Lease Act: gave President Franklin D. Roosevelt the powers to sell, transfer, exchange, lend equipment to any country to help it defend itself against the Axis powers.
National Origins Act: A government legislation that cut down the percent of the Emergency Quota Act from 3% to 2%, and it changed the census used from the 1910 one to that of the 1890 one. It greatly limited the number of immigrants who could move to the U.S. And it reflected the isolationist and anti-foreign feeling in America as well as the departure from traditional American ideals.
Potsdam: Conference that called for the unconditional surrender from Japan. This led to the bombings in Hiroshima and Nagasaki.
Reconstruction Finance Group: "Hoover-sponsored federal agency that provided loans to hard-pressed banks and businesses after 1932."
Schecter vs. U.S.: "The sick chicken case"; Declared the National Industrial Recovery Act unconstitutional on three grounds: That the act delegated legislative power to the executive; that there was a lack of constitutional authority for such legislation; and that it sought to regulate the businesses that were wholly intrastate in character.
Teapot Dome: Bribery scandal involving land with oil reserves. This destroyed Harding's reputation.
Wagner Act: A New Deal legislation that was supported by R. F. Wagner. It established defined unjust labor practices, secured workers the right to bargain collectively, and established the National Labor Relations Board.
Washington Naval Conference: A conference hosted by the US which called for US and British de-fortification of Far East possessions (though Japan could fortify all it wanted). Also called for general naval disarmament.
Yalta Conference: FDR, Churchill and Stalin met at Yalta. Russia agreed to declare war on Japan after the surrender of Germany and in return FDR and Churchill promised the USSR concession in Manchuria and the territories that it had lost in the Russo-Japanese War
Cash and Carry: Policy adopted by the United States in 1939 to preserve neutrality while aiding the Allies. Britain and France could buy goods from the U.S. if they paid in full and transported them.
Court Packing Scheme: Roosevelt's proposal in 1937 to "reform" the Supreme Court by appointing an additional justice for every justice over age of 70; following the Court's actions in striking down major New Deal laws, FDR came to believe that some justices were out of touch with the nation's needs. Congress believed Roosevelt's proposal endangered the Court's independence and said no.
Executive Order 9066: Authorized the Secretary of War and the U.S. Armed Forces to declare military areas from which any or all persons may be excluded. Did not specify nationality or ethnic group but led to the relocation of Japanese Americans to internment camps.
Huey Long: Nickname "Kingfish"; Senator of Louisiana. He pushed his "Share Our Wealth" program, which would make "Every Man a King". Long planned to run against FDR in the 1936 elections, but he was assassinated.
Kellogg-Briand Pact: The 1928 treaty that outlawed war as an instrument of national policy.
Korematsu vs. U.S.: Supreme court ruled that an entire race could be labeled a "suspect classification," meaning the gov. was permitted to deny the Japanese their constitutional rights because of military consideration.
Lend Lease Act: gave President Franklin D. Roosevelt the powers to sell, transfer, exchange, lend equipment to any country to help it defend itself against the Axis powers.
National Origins Act: A government legislation that cut down the percent of the Emergency Quota Act from 3% to 2%, and it changed the census used from the 1910 one to that of the 1890 one. It greatly limited the number of immigrants who could move to the U.S. And it reflected the isolationist and anti-foreign feeling in America as well as the departure from traditional American ideals.
Potsdam: Conference that called for the unconditional surrender from Japan. This led to the bombings in Hiroshima and Nagasaki.
Reconstruction Finance Group: "Hoover-sponsored federal agency that provided loans to hard-pressed banks and businesses after 1932."
Schecter vs. U.S.: "The sick chicken case"; Declared the National Industrial Recovery Act unconstitutional on three grounds: That the act delegated legislative power to the executive; that there was a lack of constitutional authority for such legislation; and that it sought to regulate the businesses that were wholly intrastate in character.
Teapot Dome: Bribery scandal involving land with oil reserves. This destroyed Harding's reputation.
Wagner Act: A New Deal legislation that was supported by R. F. Wagner. It established defined unjust labor practices, secured workers the right to bargain collectively, and established the National Labor Relations Board.
Washington Naval Conference: A conference hosted by the US which called for US and British de-fortification of Far East possessions (though Japan could fortify all it wanted). Also called for general naval disarmament.
Yalta Conference: FDR, Churchill and Stalin met at Yalta. Russia agreed to declare war on Japan after the surrender of Germany and in return FDR and Churchill promised the USSR concession in Manchuria and the territories that it had lost in the Russo-Japanese War
Matt's Primary Source: The League of Nations Covenant
This document establishes the terms and conditions of Wilson's failed League of Nations. The intent of this organization was to "promote international cooperation and to achieve international peace and security." Each of the articles expose Wilson's pragmatic and idealistic ways of thinking. It was a great idea to relieve some tension from the world, but it was heavily flawed and there was no way the League of Nations could ever succeed with Wilson's greatest mistake, Article X.
Article X specifically stated that if any member of the league were to go to war with a foreign country, each member of the league will end assistance to "preserve and protect against external aggression" and to maintain world peace. This was a major concern for the U.S. Congress because this article meant that Congress would be practically stripped of their right to declare war. This is arguably the most important power of the legislative branch. Article ten would've undoubtedly upset the checks and balances system and Congress would never let that happen. Unfortunately for Wilson he wouldn't have settled for any compromises in his covenant. So the League of Nations ended up being another of Wilson's idealistic philosophies down the drain.
Article X specifically stated that if any member of the league were to go to war with a foreign country, each member of the league will end assistance to "preserve and protect against external aggression" and to maintain world peace. This was a major concern for the U.S. Congress because this article meant that Congress would be practically stripped of their right to declare war. This is arguably the most important power of the legislative branch. Article ten would've undoubtedly upset the checks and balances system and Congress would never let that happen. Unfortunately for Wilson he wouldn't have settled for any compromises in his covenant. So the League of Nations ended up being another of Wilson's idealistic philosophies down the drain.
http://avalon.law.yale.edu/20th_century/leagcov.asp
Sarah's Primary Source
FDR was one of the presidents during the Great Depression. And as shown in this political cartoon, he tried many different things to help bring the Depression to an end. The main way FDR did this was through his New Deal Programs, which sought to do things like create jobs and buy surpluses of crops. Most importantly though, his New Deal policies focused on Relief, Recovery, and Reform.
In this cartoon FDR is shown as a chef cooking up some democratic solution to the problems at hand. He looks a little unsure of what he is doing, possibly to represent how experimental his New Deals were and how no one was quite sure how they would work out; which is also backed up the man in the background who looks very worried. And while the new deals didn't "explode", unfortunately economic relief did not come to America until WWII.
In this cartoon FDR is shown as a chef cooking up some democratic solution to the problems at hand. He looks a little unsure of what he is doing, possibly to represent how experimental his New Deals were and how no one was quite sure how they would work out; which is also backed up the man in the background who looks very worried. And while the new deals didn't "explode", unfortunately economic relief did not come to America until WWII.
Evolution in Tennessee
This cartoon is a "Then and Now" of Dayton, Tennessee. The left side of the cartoon is labeled "Five Months Ago" which shows a shabby man labeled "Dayton" who is resting against an oak tree. On the right side of the cartoon which is labeled "Today", shows the same man as a giant who is well dressed. The man is surrounded by photographers and reporters and he is speaking into a microphone saying "This is the life!" Behind the giant man the oak tree has been shrunk into a small tree. In July 1925, John t. Scopes was examined for violating a Tennessee state law which prohibited the teaching of evolution in public schools. He was defended by Clarence Darrow and prosecuted by William Jennings Bryan. The small town of Dayton, Tennessee became the center of attention in the media as it was invaded by reporters, religious fundamentalists, and curious tourists. Unfortunately, Scopes lost the case and was fined $100. This event in history is an example of how our society was evolving and becoming more liberal during the 1920's.
-Valerie Pineda
-Valerie Pineda
Shastine's Primary Source
This explains how the Scopes and Monkey Trial went on. Basically Mr. Scope was being sued because he decided to teach evolution in a biology class in high school. Prior to and during this the older people were already worried that the younger generation was corrupting the society.
This shows the battle between the old and the new during the 1920's. Many people believe that this trial was planned though. To stir up the battle between pro and anti evolutionary ideas. Instead of it being a legitimate court case it was more so a stepping stone to new ideals and added to the "corruption" going on in the Roaring 20's, It also exemplifies and supports the cultural shifts of flappers and African Americans with the Harlem Renaissance. |